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D. A. B. Miller, A. C. Gossard and W.
Wiegmann "Optical Bistability due to Increasing Absorption," Optics Lett. 9,
162-164 (1984). It is shown theoretically that optical bistability will exist in
a material whose optical absorption is more than linearly proportional to the degree to
which the material is excited. No cavity or external feedback is required. The underlying
principle of this bistability appears to be a generalization of several previous
independent discussions of mirrorless bistabilities in specific physical systems. This
bistability and associated differential gain are demonstrated experimentally using a
thermal nonlinearity in a GaAs/GaAlAs multiple-quantum-well semiconductor. Theory and
experiment show good agreement
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