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J. S. Weiner, A. C. Gossard, J. H. English,
D. A. B. Miller, D. S. Chemla and C. A. Burrus, "Low Voltage Modulator
and Self-Biased Self-Electro-Optic Effect Device," Electronics Lett. 23, 75-77
(1987). Demonstrate a quantum-well waveguide modulator with large (7:1) on/off
ratio at low bias voltage (less than 1 V) compatible with high-speed electronics. The
unique structure of this device permits bistable and other self-electro-optic-effect
operations without an external power supply
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